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Military backpacks for long expeditions
Soldiers on long marches needed comfortable and practical bags. The evolution of military equipment advanced in parallel with traditional village backpacks.
In ancient Egypt and classical Greece, simple baskets were preferred. Roman legionaries, on the other hand, carried their belongings in loculus , leather bags attached to a marching staff.
In the Middle Ages, the Knights Templar carried their loads on a wooden frame with straps, considering even a lid unnecessary.
As early as the 17th and 19th centuries, leather, canvas, or cloth backpacks with two straight straps became popular in Europe. These models were used by the major armies of the time, such as those of England, France, and the Russian Empire .
In the European colonies of North America and later in the United States , soldiers also used military backpacks, including during the Civil War of 1861–1865 .
These backpacks had one disadvantage: the straight straps dug into the chest and caused discomfort during marches.
As early as the second half of the 19th century, armies around the world began searching for a more comfortable solution. There was also a need for innovations for the common man, as traditional backpacks were falling behind technological advancements.
The beginning of the rapid evolution of backpacks
The military backpack underwent numerous improvements. A frame was added, and the rigid box was replaced with a soft bag. For greater comfort, the straps were made slanted, which distinguishes a backpack from a military satchel .
As early as 1882 , the Russian Empire introduced a waterproof canvas bag alongside traditional satchels. Its simple and practical design made it a durable item that has survived to this day without major changes. In fact, many modern drawstring backpacks operate on a similar principle.
In 1866 , in the USA , Colonel Henry C. Merriam patented a military haversack with a rigid frame , designed to distribute the load over the hips. However, the structure proved to be impractical.
In 1908 , Norwegian entrepreneur Ole Bergan developed a backpack with a steel frame . This frame was lighter and more compact than a wooden one, as well as being much more durable . Its shape was reminiscent of the historic Sekk med Meis , which we've already mentioned.
The frame had to be adjusted to the user's height and body shape, making it more ergonomic. This innovation became one of the most popular of its time.
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